Leucosapphire:

Leucosipphire-single crystal of aluminium oxide(a transparent colorless variety of corundum). Leucosipphire has a high melting point(2030 0C), resistance to damage, resistance to aggressive environments, high hardness, low friction, optical transparency over a widerange of wavelengths, the radiation resistance and high acoustic quality.

The method of growing leucosapphire is  Verneil's method.  This method utilizes the powdered ingredients of a gem by fusing them together under a high temperature oxy- hydrogen flame. The ingredient powder melts and re-crystallizes in successive layers on a support below the frame, creating a cone-shaped boule, the color of which can be controlled by addition of different chemicals ingredients.

APPLICATIONS 

Optics

Sapphire is a well - known material for optical parts with such special requirements as:
- windows for high temperatures and high pressures processes
- windows for alkali and acid environments
- high temperature optics
- UV and IR radiation - proof optics
Sapphire is suitable material for these applications due to:
- high transparency
- high melting temperature (2050 °C)
- high resistance to radiation
- excellent resistance to acids and alkali

Watch glasses

Sapphire is a unique material for "scratch - proof " high quality watch glasses due to:
- high hardness (the second after diamond),
- excellent transparency,
- transparency under UV radiation (UV - proof) used in watch glass mounting

Industry and precision machinery

Sapphire used in:
- wear - proof parts (fiber guides, watch stones)
- pressure sensors
Sapphire is suitable material for these applications due to:
- high hardness
- low friction
- wear proof

Laser

Sapphire is one of the most usable laser material in the form of the ruby (sapphire with chromium addition) and titanium doped sapphire (with titanium addition) due to:
- transparency
- ability to accommodate guest elements into crystal lattice  

Semiconductors

Sapphire is an unique material for semiconductor substrates in some areas of application:
- radiation-resistant chips for space and nuclear power plant,
- new high speed memory chips and high frequency chips (silicon - on - sapphire (SOI) chips)
Sapphire is suitable material for these applications due to:
- high dielectric constant
- crystal lattice match with silicon.

Optoelectronics

Sapphire is a main substrate material for light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solid state lighting (SSL) devices. The most promising areas for high energy LEDs and SSLs are:
- signaling devices,
- traffic lights,
- automobile lighting.
Widely spread using of sapphire in these areas is due to:
- excellent transparency
- crystal lattice match with gallium nitride (GaN) - basic material for LED and SSL.

Medical equipment

Sapphire parts used in:
- transparent and ultra thin blades for surgery
- chemically inert optical parts for diagnostic devices with high temperature sterilization
due to:
- high durability and hardness
- chemical and bio compatibility
- transparency
- high temperature and UV radiation proof